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What is a benign mammary tumor?
This is any tumor originating from the mammary gland tissues. Most tumors of this type are cured by total surgical removal but a few progress to malignancy in time and start to spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). A dog may have multiple tumors in different mammary glands.

What are bone and joint tumors?
Non-cancerous bone tumors are rare and mainly due to abnormal development. They include bone cysts and single or multiple lumps of bone in abnormal places (exostoses). Fibrous dysplasia is another developmental condition that causes bone swelling around areas of bone destruction. ’Craniomandibular osteoarthropathy’ of some terriers is a disease of the head bones.

What is the bone marrow?
The bone marrow is the soft tissue inside the bones. Before birth, the marrow contains the primary (stem) cells from which all red and white blood cells will be formed. After birth some types of blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, are made in other parts of the body but the marrow remains the main site for production of circulating blood elements including platelets (which are vital to stop bleeding and make the blood clot), red cells (which carry oxygen) and most white cells (which fight infections and clear up debris).

Fibrous tissue consists of long fibres of the protein, collagen. These fibers form part of specialized tissues such as bone and cartilage but most are in loose or linear arrangements within low cellularity ground substance. This "connective tissue" is present throughout the body connecting and supporting organs and systems. The basic cell responsible for fiber production is a fibroblast. Overactivity in local areas can produce fibrous tissue masses, mostly slow-growing, non-cancerous and with several names. A few are considered to be benign cancers so are called "fibromas".